Hydrogeochemical properties and the exhaustion groundwater reserve from Dammam aquifer at Al-Najaf Governorate, middle Iraq

One of Iraq's most significant groundwater-bearing limestone aquifers is the Dammam Formation. The aquifer groundwater has been studied hydrogeochemically. It suitable for irrigation, as indicated by sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) and total dissolved solids (TDS), which are 4.15 1971 ppm (in average) respectively. Through vision Stiff diagram, predominant ions Cl-, SO42+ Na+ while HCO-3 Mg2+ relatively poor. There plenty flowing wells in study area Najaf Governorate producing from aquifer. In recent years, many have drilled an irregular pattern forming fish breeding lakes. These lakes' water drains 4.715 m3/s into depression Wadi Al- Khur artificial channels, where it mixes with brine water, rendering useless. This lead to exhaustion huge amount precious resource. Many signs that confirm Piezometric pressure drop levels descent region. flow halted several especially Al-Khur due reserve a decrease level hydrostatic A decline values transmissivity specific capacity when compared previous studies years 1996 2009. observation monitoring well (W/7), area.